Pipes to Ruthenium

Pipes Buffer Solution

Please see listing in Prepared Buffers.

Pipes, 1.5 Sodium Salt, Crystal

[Piperazine-N,N-bis (2-ethanesulfonic acid,) 1.5 Sodium]
F.W. 335.3   pK = pH = 6.8 @25°C   CAS #10010-67-0

Plastisolve

Please see Methylene Chloride.

Platinum Blue, an EM Stain

IBI Blue Platinum Stain Pt₄N₈H₆O₂₄C₂₀

An EM stain that may have the ability to replace Uranyl Acetate in some instances. If you have issues with having Uranium salts that are radioactive (depleted or not) in the lab this may be the answer for you. An alternative for staining TEM thin sections

Poly-L-Lysine Solutions

Poly-L-Lysine Hydrobromide 30,000-70,000

CAS #25988-63-0

A polycation, which binds to DNA, red cell membranes and any negatively, charged proteins. It is useful for promoting cell adhesion; for the preparation of polycationic beads, useful in immobilization techniques; immobilization of membranes; immobilization of plant protoplasts. In cell culture, immobilization by micro encapsulation with the alginate-poly-L-lysine microcapsule system.

We offer a prepared 0.1% aqueous solution, micro-filtered, which is ideal for cell culture growth.

B/ Poly-L-Lysine Hydrobromide 70,000-150,000

CAS #25988-63-0

Poly-L-lysine with a molecular weight of >70,000. This solution is useful in promoting cell adhesion to solid substrates. Used for nuclear antigen-coated red cells in hymolytic plaque assay.

We offer a prepared 0.1% aqueous solution which is micro-filtered and is used to increase tissue adhesion to the glass slide, which is needed for immunohistochemical and immunolabeling techniques, as well as lengthy staining procedures.

Polyester wax

A synthetic polyester wax with a very low melting point (37°C). Invented by Dr. H.F. Steedman, as a ribboning embedding medium. Its main advantage over paraffin and ester waxes is its low melting point, which reduces tissue hardening, shrinkage, and eliminates the need for infiltration ovens.

The wax is soluble in most organic solvents, including alcohol, ethers, esters, ketones and hydrocarbons. The wax is water tolerant, almost opaque, and sections easily. No electrification of ribbons occurs during sectioning. Sections of 2 microns and more may be cut at room temperatures between 10 and 22°C. It is advantageous to keep the wax in its solid state prior to use.

Polyethylene Glycol

Please see Polyethylene Glycol.

Polyvinyl Alcohol 15000

(CH₂CHOH)_n   F.W. 14000-15000   CAS #9002-89-5
Degree of Hydrolyzation: 86-89 mol%

• A water-miscible embedding medium: Munoz-Guerra,S. and Subrirana, J.A. (1982)
• A crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol: a water-miscible polymer used as an embedding medium for electron microscopy. Mikroskopie, 39:346

Ponceau B.S.

See Biebrich Scarlet

Potassium Bromide, Reagent, A.C.S.

KBr   F.W. 119.00   CAS #7758-02-3
Specifications:

Used in the preparation for autoradiography

Potassium Chloride, Crystal, Reagent, A.C.S.

KCl   F.W. 74.55   CAS #7447-40-7 
Specifications:

Potassium Dichromate, Crystal, Reagent, A.C.S.

K₂Cr₂O₇   F.W. 294.18   CAS #7778-50-9
A.C.S. Specifications:

Potassium Dichromate Solutions

Please see listing in Reagents for Histology.

Potassium Ferricyanide, Reagent, A.C.S.

K₃Fe(CN)₆   F.W. 329.25   CAS #13746-66-2
A.C.S. Specifications:

Potassium Hydroxide, Pellets, Reagent, ACS.

KOH   F.W. 56.11   CAS #1310-58-3
Assay>85.0%
Water contains: 10-15%

Potassium Iodide, Granular, Reagent, A.C.S.

KI   F.W. 166.00   CAS #7681-11-0
Refer to Bismuth Carbonate for references on use.

Potassium Oxalate, Reagent, A.C.S.

(CO₂K)₂·H₂O   F.W. 184.23   CAS #6487-48-5
Assay: 98.5-101.0%
Neutrality: To Pass Test

Potassium Permanganate, Reagent, A.C.S.

KMnO₄   F.W. 158.03   CAS #7722-64-7
A.C.S. Specifications:

An EM fixative and a metal stain. J. Ultrastruct. Res., 21,424 (1968)

Potassium Permanganate Solutions

Please see listing in Reagents for Histology.

Potassium Phosphate, Monobasic, Reagent, A.C.S.

KH₂PO₄   F.W. 136.09   CAS #7778-77-0
A.C.S. Specifications:

Potassium Pyroantimonate, Trihydrate Potassium antimonate

KSbO₃·3H₂O   F.W. 262.90   CAS #12208-13-8
Minimum assay: 94%
Minimum sensitivity to Na: 1:430
Insoluble matternot more than 0.01%
*Ultrastructural localization sodium. J. Histochem Cystochem., 24, 740 (1976)

Potassium Sodium Tartrate, Tetrahydrate Reagent, A.C.S.

(Sodium Potassium Tartrate)
KNaC₄H₄O₆·4H₂O   F.W. 282.22   CAS #6381-59-5
Assay 99.0-102.0%
Water 21.0-27.0%
Used with bismuth subnitrate for staining polysaccharides, including glycogen without oxidizing agents.

• Shinji, Y., et al (1975). A new electron microscopic histo-cyto chemical staining method: demonstration of glycogen particles. Acta Histochem., Cytochem., 8:139

Pronase Reagent, Ready To Use

Description: Pronase is used for proteolytic digestion of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections prior to application of antibodies. In IHC most commonly used fixative like formalin mask tissue antigens (cellular, membrane and nuclear) by cross-linking process, this results in poor or no staining in IHC. Pronase digestion of FFPE tissue section improves accessibility of antibodies to tissue antigens.
Storage: 2-8°C. DO NOT FREEZE
Intended Use:Use as antigen retriever for some antibodies in IHC. Please refer to primary antibody protocol for IHC.
Reagent: Ready-to-use Pronase reagent available in 2 sizes: 15 and 100 ml.

2-Propanol, Propyl Alcohol

Please see Iso-propyl Alcohol.

Propylene Glycol, Reagent, A.C.S.

(1,2-Propanediol)
CH₃CHOHCH₂OH   F.W. 76.10   CAS #57-55-6
Specific Gravity (H₂O=1): 1.04
Assay>99.5%

Specifications:

Propylene Oxide, EM Grade

(1,2-Epoxypropane, Methyloxirane)
CH₃CHCH₂O   F.W. 58.08   CAS #75-56-9
m.p. -112°C; b.p. 34°C; f.p. -37°C
Vapor pressure @ 33°C: 980 mbar
Specifications:

A solvent agent for epoxy resins. Used widely for infiltration and gradual replacement of the dehydration agent.

* Also availables in glass bottles. Please contact us to request.

Pyronin Y, Certified, C.N. #DcPy-2

(Pyronin G)
C₁₇H₁₉N₂OCl  F.W. 302.81  CAS #92-32-0
Solubility: 9.0% Water; 0.5% Alcohol; 1.85% Cellosolve; 4.35% Glycol; 0.0% Xylene

Quetol 651, Resin

(Ethylene Glycol Diglycidyl Ether)
C₈H₁₄O₄   F.W. 174.20   CAS #2224-15-9
Specific Gravity (H₂O=1) : 1.15

Quetol 651, NSA Kit

Please see listing in Embedding Media Kits.

Replicating Materials

Please see thecomplete listing in the Materials Science section.

Ruthenium Red, 37.5% Ru

[(NH₃)₅RuORu(NH₃)₄ORu(NH₃)₅]Cl₆·4H₂O   F.W.858.42   CAS #11103-72-3

• Stain for monopolysaccharides and tight junctions. Luft, J.T., Proc. 6th Int. Cong. Em (1966); J. Cell. Biol., 57, 874 (1973)
• Stain for pectin and for diverse cell surfaces. J. Cell Biol.,23, 54A (1964)
• "Positive Staining for EM" van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1975) pp 163-165
• Ruthenium Red and Violet II. Fine structural localization in animal tissues. Luft J.H. Anat. Rec., 171:369, (1971a)
• Structure and staining characteristics of myofiber external lamina. Zacks, S.I. et al. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 21:703 (1973)
• Glycoaminoglycans in developing chick-embryo aorta revealed by ruthenium red: an electron microscopy study. Kadar, A. et al. J. Pathol., 108:275 (1973)
• Uptake of marker particles by in vitro ventilated and perfused rat lung. Vidic, B. Am. J. Anat., 138:521 (1973)

Ruthenium Tetroxide, 0.5% Stabilized Aqueous Solution

In Crystal form: RuO₄   F.W. 165.70   CAS #20427-56-9
m.p. 25.4°C b.p. 100°C (212°F)
Ruthenium tetroxide is very similar to Osmium tetroxide, and is used as a fixation/staining agent for electron microscopy. Ruthenium tetroxide offers excellent staining of saturated and unsaturated polymer materials as well as stabilizing thin sections under the bombardment of the electron beam.
NOTE: Penetration of ruthenium tetroxide into the tissue is poor. Occasionally, black rings may be seen at the tip of the ampoules and are due to oxidation of the vapors during sealing process of ampoules. The black ring present on tip of glass ampoule has no effect on the actual material or end use as confirmed by our 96 hour in-house material testing performed.

• Caughey, R.C. and Miller, M.A., Proceed. of 44th Ann. Mtg. EMSA (1986), page 256
• Hayat, M.A., Basic Technique for Electron Microscopy, Academic Press, NY, 1986, p 22
• Trent, J.S., Macromolecules, 17, 2930 (1984); 16, 539 (1983)

Certificates of Analysis

Наименование	Объем	Производство	Метод	Кат.Номер
Буферный раствор PIPES, 0.3m, pH 5.5-6.0, 500 мл	500 мл	Electron Microscopy Sciences		11610
Пропиленоксид, для электронной микроскопии (Propylene Oxide, EM Grade)	450 мл	Electron Microscopy Sciences		20401